The importance of segments in tunnel construction
When it comes to build tunnelsEspecially on large projects, there are many elements that must be considered to ensure that the structure is safe and durable. One of these key elements is the voussoirsThese are pieces that, although they sometimes go unnoticed by the general public, are absolutely essential for the success of any tunnel.
What exactly are keystones and why are they so important?
The segments are precast concrete segments that, once joined together, form the inner lining of the tunnel. Think of them like the blocks that build a brick wall, but in this case, they are used to create a ring that reinforces the tunnel walls. Each of these pieces is precisely engineered to fit perfectly with the others, forming a structure that can withstand the enormous pressures of the surrounding terrain.
This lining not only prevents tunnel collapse, but also protects against water infiltration and other external elements, keeping the interior dry and safe.
How voussoirs are manufactured: A process that does not allow for errors
The manufacture of voussoirs is a process that requires high precision and quality control. These pieces are produced in specialized plants where steel molds are used to give them their characteristic shape. The concrete used must be extremely strong, and is often reinforced with steel to ensure that each segment can withstand the stresses that will be applied once it is in place.
Nothing is left to chance: each dowel undergoes rigorous quality testing before being approved for use. Dimensions, strength and material integrity are checked to ensure that they fit perfectly during installation and meet the strictest safety standards.
Installing keystones: Where precision is everything
Installing segments inside a tunnel is a process that requires millimeter precision. Generally, this work is carried out with the aid of tunnel boring machinesThe tunnel lining is made up of a tunnel lining and the tunnel segments are installed at the same time.
Each segment is carefully positioned to fit with the others, forming a complete ring. These rings are assembled one after the other as the TBM advances, ensuring that the tunnel has continuous and robust support.
This installation system is not only efficient, but also ensures that the tunnel is safe from the outset, minimizing risks during construction.
Key benefits of using segments in tunnel construction
The use of segments in tunnels has multiple advantages. First, they allow construction to proceed quickly and efficiently. Since the segments are manufactured in a modular fashion, they can be mass-produced and easily transported to the construction site.
Moreover, thanks to their strength, the segments are ideal for withstanding both ground pressure and possible water infiltration. This is especially important in tunnels that pass through difficult terrain or areas with high water tables, where maintaining structural integrity is vital.
New dowel technologies: Innovation at the service of security
The technology applied to tunnel construction is constantly advancing, and tunnel segments are no exception. Today, new segments are being developed that use high-strength concrete, making it possible to build tunnels in increasingly demanding geological conditions.
In addition, some segments are being equipped with sensors that monitor conditions inside the tunnel in real time. These sensors can detect changes in pressure or temperature, providing valuable data for preventive maintenance and ensuring that any potential problems are identified before they become a risk.
