Tunnel segments
Eurohinca (Europea de Hincas Teledirigidas, S.A.), Trenchless specialist since 1996 - 14 TBMs and >120 km executed.
We run segment tunnel with accurate alignment and pressure/tightness control, selecting open shield, closed shield/EPB according to geology. See wells, civil work, choice of tunnel boring machine y references.
Tunnel lining with prefabricated segments
The segments are precast reinforced concrete elements that are assembled in rings to form the structural lining of tunnels. This type of solution offers maximum geometric accuracy, watertightness and resistance to earth pressures.
At Eurohinca we use EPB (Earth Pressure Balance) type TBMs that allow the excavation and installation of segment rings in an automated and safe manner. This process ensures fast, uninterrupted construction with total quality control.
Find out how we work with our EPB tunnel boring machine.
Advantages of segmental lining in tunnel construction
The use of precast segments in tunnels provides key advantages over other lining systems:
Total watertightness, thanks to the elastic joints and back mortar.
Controlled curvature, adapting to complex layouts by means of trapezoidal voussoirs.
Fast and precise assembly, coordinated from the cabin with laser guidance.
Structural strength, even in soils with high geological pressure.
In addition, the structural design of segmental tunnels with segmental segments follows technical criteria defined by European standards such as the UNE-EN 1992-1-1:2005 - Eurocode 2, which regulates the use of reinforced concrete in subway civil constructions.
Our experience ranges from urban works to large infrastructure projects. Get to know some of our completed works.
Tunnel segment tunnel service specifications
The execution of tunnels lined with segments by tunnel boring machine (TBM) is defined by a series of technical parameters and site requirements that condition the design, excavation and installation of the lining. The main aspects that characterize this type of solution are summarized below:
• Main applications: Accessible tunnels for sewerage, large collectors, water supply, pressurized hydraulic pipelines, service galleries, underpasses, railway or road works when a structural and accessible section is required.
• Typical tunnel diameters: Large diameter circular sections, determined according to flow rate, structural loads and maintenance requirements. The design is adapted to the hydraulic, traffic or operational needs of the infrastructure.
• Typical length of the sections: Tunnels of several hundred meters to several kilometers, executed from a shaft or portal, with advance planning, excavation cycles and segment assembly.
• Compatible land conditions: Cohesive, mixed and granular soils, as well as rock formations when using TBMs appropriate to the type of face (EPB, hydro-shield, rock or double shield). Head selection depends on geotechnics, water pressure and confining loads.
• Civil works prerequisites: Need for portals or shafts to allow the installation of the tunnel boring machine, the feed system and auxiliary equipment. Space is required for segment logistics, electrical supply, ventilation, debris transport systems and stockpile areas.
• Construction method and equipment: Mechanized excavation by TBM, with face pressure control when required by the terrain, continuous advance and simultaneous assembly of the reinforced concrete segment lining, which forms the structural ring of the tunnel.
• Voussoir cladding: Precast reinforced concrete panels that form watertight rings resistant to geotechnical and internal loads. The design of the ring depends on the diameter, depth and projected stresses.
• Quality control and safety: Continuous monitoring of excavation torque, thrust, chamber pressure (in pressurized TBMs), tunnel alignment and convergence. Inspections of segment assembly, shaft geometric control and as-built records are performed. The subway environment requires strict ventilation, communication and operational safety procedures.
What they think of us
Our clients trust Eurohinca for our technical capability, on-time delivery and reliability in complex subway projects. Here are some real ratings:
Projects around the world
From the Americas to Asia, Eurohinca has executed more than 105 km of tunnels with trenchless technologies, including segmental and microtunneling systems. Our engineering adapted to extreme conditions has allowed us to execute works in cities such as Lima, Mexico City, Warsaw or Manila.
Check out all the details in our outstanding projects and works.
Dovela Tunnel: rapid response
What is a segment tunnel
A segment tunnel is a tunnel whose lining is executed with voussoirs (prefabricated segments) that, once assembled, form rings to support and shape the tunnel section. To understand how this fits into the equipment selection, it may help to choice of tunnel boring machine.
When to use a segmental tunnel
It is used when the project requires a segmental lining with segments depending on the layout, environment and ground conditions. For context on associated equipment, you can see closed shield tunnel boring machines.
Key data
Preliminary layout and objective of the tunnel (use, environmental restrictions and singular points).
Soil information available (geotechnical or references) and presence of water if known.
Implementation and construction conditions (access, occupation, known interferences).
Recommended information
Longitudinal profile and sections of the layout (if any).
Holder/operator requirements (if applicable) and acceptance/operation conditions.
If the scheme is planned with a closed EPB shield, it can provide context EPB scheme for voussoirs y EPB closed shield.
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Frequently asked questions about tunnel lining with tunnel segments
The segments are reinforced concrete segments that, when assembled together, form a resistant ring that lines the excavated tunnel. They are ideal for projects with precision and watertightness requirements. They are installed by means of EPB tunnel boring machines and allow a clean, fast and safe execution.
Do you have more questions? Explore our section of frequent questions.
What are voussoirs and how are they used in tunnel construction?
The voussoirs are prefabricated elements of reinforced concrete which are assembled to form a truncated cone ring that acts as a tunnel lining. They are placed in the tunnel by means of a EPB type TBM (Earth Pressure Balance), which pushes the segments as it moves forward, creating a solid and durable structure.
How do you ensure the quality of the segments and their watertight joints?
The quality of the segments is guaranteed by rigorous production controls and factory testing. In addition, during drilling, mortar is injected into the backside to ensure that the joints are watertight, preventing leaks and providing a definitive internal finish.
What are the advantages of ring lining in tunnel construction?
The ring lining of voussoirs allows the construction of tunnels with precision and flexibility, adapting to curves both in plan and in elevation. This technique is especially useful for large diameter tunnels and offers a solution that is resistant to water tables and ground pressures.
What types of tunnels can be built with precast segments?
The prefabricated segments are suitable for a wide range of tunnels, including subway tunnels, road tunnels and utility tunnels. Their use is especially advantageous in large-diameter tunnels and in projects requiring curved and precise linings.
How is the T.B.M. pushed on the segments?
The tunnel boring machine thrust is carried out on the segments by means of a system of thrust cylinders that transfer the force directly to the segments. This makes it possible to advance to great lengths and maintain the stability of the tunnel, adapting to curved layouts and ground conditions.
What type of TBMs are used for lining with voussoirs?
The lining with voussoirs is generally performed with EPB (Earth Pressure Balance) type TBMs. These tunnel boring machines are designed to work in soils with earth pressure and allow tunnels to be constructed with precision while continuously placing the segments.
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