How are tunnels made?

Creating a tunnel is a complex engineering task that requires careful planning and advanced technology. At Eurohincaexperts in trenchless tunneling, use microtunneling techniques and remote-controlled tunnel boring machines to ensure efficient and accurate results. Below, we explore in detail the tunneling process, its technologies and key stages.

History and evolution of tunnel construction

Tunnel construction dates back thousands of years, but modern technology has transformed the process. From hand-dug tunnels in ancient times to today's methods of tunneling and tunneling. trenchless excavationtechniques have advanced to reduce environmental impact and improve safety.

Excavation technologies used at Eurohinca

Eurohinca specializes in excavation technologies trenchlessThis minimizes the impact on the surface and allows working in urban and sensitive areas. Some of the most outstanding technologies include:

• MicrotunnelersUsed for small diameters, they allow precise excavation in urban areas and for sanitation projects.
• Remote-controlled tunnel boring machinesUsed in difficult terrain, these machines advance remotely controlled, optimizing safety and control.

Tunnel planning and design

The tunnel construction process begins with detailed planning, including site survey and selection of the most suitable excavation method.

Geological and geotechnical studies

Geological and geotechnical studies are essential to evaluate the characteristics of the ground, as they determine whether the soil is hard rock, soft soil or a combination. EurohincaThe company, for example, conducts detailed preliminary studies to choose the right technology and ensure tunnel stability during construction.

Selection of excavation technology

Based on soil studies, engineers select the type of technology to be used. The choice between earth pressure tunnel boring machines y microtunneling depends on factors such as tunnel diameter, length and type of terrain. In large-scale projects, advanced systems such as the TBM (Tunnel Boring Machines).

Tunnel excavation and construction

Tunnel excavation is one of the most critical stages and requires precision technology and expertise to ensure safe and efficient progress.

Microtunneling

Microtunneling is a popular technique in sanitation and drainage projects, especially in urban areas. It uses a microtunneling machine that excavates and places the tunnel lining at the same time. This method minimizes the risk of cave-ins and is highly efficient in soft ground.

Advantages of Microtunneling:

• Low impact on the surface.
• High precision in complex terrain.
• Ideal for urban areas.

Use of remote-controlled tunnel boring machines (TBMs)

Remote-controlled tunnel boring machines allow controlled excavation from the surface. This system is especially useful in unstable terrain or where precision is required in tunnels of larger diameters. Eurohinca The technology is used in international projects such as the tunnel of voussoirs y submarine emissaries.

Lining and safety in tunnel construction

The lining is crucial to maintain the stability of the tunnel and protect it from water infiltration and other elements in the ground.

Types of coatings

The most common coating materials include:

• Concrete segmentsUsed in large diameter tunnels, they guarantee a high structural resistance.
• Steel panelsIndicated for unstable soils or areas at risk of groundwater.

Monitoring and security systems

During excavation and lining, monitoring systems are used to check the stability of the tunnel walls. Pressure sensors and high-resolution cameras help engineers identify potential problems before they become hazards.

Eurohinca Projects

Eurohinca has carried out numerous tunnel construction projects, both in Spain and in other countries. Among the most outstanding are:

• Tunnel in the Ebro diversion projectAn example of how microtunneling technology has been used to achieve an effective result in a project with a high environmental impact.
• TBM Cale in Guadalajara (Mexico)Precision and safety in rocky terrain were key to this project.

Detailed information about these projects can be found in the Eurohinca's works section.