{"id":4936,"date":"2025-12-10T09:16:16","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T09:16:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/?p=4936"},"modified":"2026-03-12T11:51:53","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T11:51:53","slug":"comment-concevoir-et-mettre-en-oeuvre-un-emissaire-sous-marin-a-microtunnel-depuis-la-terre-ferme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/como-se-disena-y-ejecuta-un-emisario-submarino-mediante-microtunel-desde-tierra\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment un \u00e9missaire sous-marin \u00e0 microtunnel est-il con\u00e7u et mis en \u0153uvre \u00e0 partir de la terre ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4936\" class=\"elementor elementor-4936\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6327ef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d6327ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d3dfe2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d3dfe2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"1027\">La conception d'un <strong data-start=\"455\" data-end=\"515\">\u00e9missaire sous-marin terrestre avec microtunnelier<\/strong> commence par d\u00e9finir la fonction de l'\u00e9missaire (d\u00e9versement d'eau trait\u00e9e, de saumure de dessalement, de retours d'aquaculture, etc.) et la meilleure zone de d\u00e9versement dans la mer. \u00c0 partir de l\u00e0, un tunnel t\u00e9l\u00e9command\u00e9 est trac\u00e9 depuis un puits \u00e0 terre jusqu'\u00e0 un point de rejet sous le fond marin, en \u00e9vitant le dragage et les tranch\u00e9es ouvertes sur le fond marin. Une vue d'ensemble de ces actifs est expliqu\u00e9e dans <strong data-start=\"896\" data-end=\"986\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/quest-ce-quun-emissaire-sous-marin\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"898\" data-end=\"984\">Qu'est-ce qu'un \u00e9missaire sous-marin ?<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"1029\" data-end=\"1072\">1. l'analyse pr\u00e9liminaire et la conception de l'agencement<\/h3><p data-start=\"1074\" data-end=\"1134\">Avant de d\u00e9finir le trac\u00e9 du microtunnel, les \u00e9l\u00e9ments suivants sont \u00e9tudi\u00e9s :<\/p><ul data-start=\"1136\" data-end=\"1394\"><li data-start=\"1136\" data-end=\"1214\"><p data-start=\"1138\" data-end=\"1214\"><strong data-start=\"1138\" data-end=\"1167\">Bathym\u00e9trie et oc\u00e9anographie<\/strong> (profondeurs, vagues, courants, turbidit\u00e9).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1215\" data-end=\"1310\"><p data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1310\"><strong data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1243\">Sensibilit\u00e9 environnementale<\/strong> de l'environnement (zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, zones de baignade, habitats marins).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1311\" data-end=\"1394\"><p data-start=\"1313\" data-end=\"1394\">Conditions de fonctionnement : d\u00e9bits, r\u00e9gime d'\u00e9coulement, exigences en mati\u00e8re de dilution.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1396\" data-end=\"1715\">L'article <strong data-start=\"1408\" data-end=\"1542\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/comment-planifier-un-emissaire-sous-marin-depuis-la-terre-ferme\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1410\" data-end=\"1540\">comment planifier un \u00e9missaire sous-marin depuis la terre ferme<\/a><\/strong> r\u00e9sume ces \u00e9tapes et explique comment combiner le microtunnelage ou Direct Pipe\u00ae dans la partie onshore avec les techniques marines dans la partie offshore.<\/p><p data-start=\"1717\" data-end=\"2014\">En parall\u00e8le, le <strong data-start=\"1743\" data-end=\"1823\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/applications-immergees\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1745\" data-end=\"1821\">applications immerg\u00e9es<\/a><\/strong> passe en revue les types de projets pour lesquels ces solutions sont appliqu\u00e9es : \u00e9missaires, \u00e9missaires de barrage, bassins versants et travers\u00e9es d'aires marines prot\u00e9g\u00e9es.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"2016\" data-end=\"2068\">2. Puits d'attaque du rivage et travaux de g\u00e9nie civil associ\u00e9s<\/h3><p data-start=\"2070\" data-end=\"2258\">Le <strong data-start=\"2073\" data-end=\"2091\">arbre d'attaque<\/strong> est con\u00e7u pour abriter le tunnelier, le lit de pouss\u00e9e et la cha\u00eene de tuyauterie, et se trouve g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la station de traitement ou de l'usine de dessalement. Il doit assurer :<\/p><ul data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2480\"><li data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2334\"><p data-start=\"2262\" data-end=\"2334\">Stabilit\u00e9 de l'enceinte face \u00e0 la nappe phr\u00e9atique et \u00e0 l'action des vagues.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2335\" data-end=\"2402\"><p data-start=\"2337\" data-end=\"2402\">Espace pour les \u00e9quipements de traitement des boues, les grues et la logistique de surface.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2403\" data-end=\"2480\"><p data-start=\"2405\" data-end=\"2480\">Hauteurs permettant d'atteindre le fond marin avec la couverture pr\u00e9vue.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2482\" data-end=\"2786\">Dans les projets de <strong data-start=\"2498\" data-end=\"2529\">pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements d'eau de mer<\/strong>, Cet ouvrage de g\u00e9nie civil est int\u00e9gr\u00e9 aux chambres de pompage et aux galeries de service, comme indiqu\u00e9 dans le document suivant <strong data-start=\"2623\" data-end=\"2745\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/prelevements-deau-de-mer\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2625\" data-end=\"2743\">pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements d'eau de mer par microtunnelier, HDD et Direct Pipe<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"2788\" data-end=\"2835\">3. Choix de la m\u00e9thode et du type de bouclier<\/h3><p data-start=\"2837\" data-end=\"2920\">En fonction de la g\u00e9otechnique sous la c\u00f4te et du fond marin, un choix est fait entre.. :<\/p><ul data-start=\"2922\" data-end=\"3120\"><li data-start=\"2922\" data-end=\"3036\"><p data-start=\"2924\" data-end=\"3036\"><strong data-start=\"2924\" data-end=\"2954\">Microtunnel avec bouclier hydraulique<\/strong>, lorsque les sables et les limons satur\u00e9s pr\u00e9dominent et que le contr\u00f4le de la pression est crucial.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3037\" data-end=\"3120\"><p data-start=\"3039\" data-end=\"3120\"><strong data-start=\"3039\" data-end=\"3061\">Microtunneling avec EPB<\/strong>, dans les sols coh\u00e9sifs ou mixtes \u00e0 faible perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"3122\" data-end=\"3418\">Pour le dessalement, il est courant de combiner le microtunnelage avec d'autres techniques dans les syst\u00e8mes de captage, comme l'explique le document suivant <strong data-start=\"3242\" data-end=\"3377\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/systemes-de-collecte-de-leau-de-mer-pour-le-dessalement-de-leau-de-mer\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3244\" data-end=\"3375\">syst\u00e8mes de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration de l'eau de mer pour le dessalement<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"3420\" data-end=\"3473\">4. Excavation du microtunnel sous le fond marin<\/h3><p data-start=\"3475\" data-end=\"3530\">Ils sont surveill\u00e9s en permanence pendant l'excavation :<\/p><ul data-start=\"3532\" data-end=\"3781\"><li data-start=\"3532\" data-end=\"3629\"><p data-start=\"3534\" data-end=\"3629\"><strong data-start=\"3534\" data-end=\"3555\">Pression dans la chambre<\/strong>, pour \u00e9quilibrer l'avant et \u00e9viter les infiltrations d'eau ou la perte de fines.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3630\" data-end=\"3706\"><p data-start=\"3632\" data-end=\"3706\"><strong data-start=\"3632\" data-end=\"3651\">Pouss\u00e9e et couple<\/strong>, pour maintenir le d\u00e9bit d'alimentation sans surcharger la canalisation.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3707\" data-end=\"3781\"><p data-start=\"3709\" data-end=\"3781\"><strong data-start=\"3709\" data-end=\"3730\">Alignement et dimension<\/strong>, avec des syst\u00e8mes de navigation laser ou gyroscopique.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"3783\" data-end=\"4226\">Dans certains cas, les sections sont ex\u00e9cut\u00e9es en courbes ou avec des changements de section similaires \u00e0 ceux que l'on trouve dans les ouvrages de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence, tels que le <strong data-start=\"3908\" data-end=\"4004\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/travaux\/lemissaire-sous-marin-moncofar\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3910\" data-end=\"4002\">\u00c9missaire sous-marin de Moncofa<\/a><\/strong> ou le <strong data-start=\"4010\" data-end=\"4092\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/travaux\/usine-de-dessalement-sdp\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4012\" data-end=\"4090\">Station de dessalement SDP<\/a><\/strong>, o\u00f9 des tunnels terrestres et sous-marins ont \u00e9t\u00e9 combin\u00e9s pour les immisaires et les d\u00e9charges de saumure.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"4228\" data-end=\"4283\">5. Fen\u00eatre de sortie et connexion \u00e0 la jambe marine<\/h3><p data-start=\"4285\" data-end=\"4562\">Lorsque le point de sortie est atteint, un <strong data-start=\"4332\" data-end=\"4353\">rupture contr\u00f4l\u00e9e<\/strong> L'avant du front sous le fond marin, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans un caisson, un batardeau ou une autre structure de protection. La branche sous-marine (diffuseurs, t\u00eates de refoulement ou prises de captage) est ensuite raccord\u00e9e.<\/p><p data-start=\"4564\" data-end=\"4948\">Le processus complet de pose et de raccordement des pipelines offshore peut \u00eatre examin\u00e9 dans le guide. <strong data-start=\"4661\" data-end=\"4815\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/comment-se-deroule-la-construction-des-emissaires-sous-marins\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4663\" data-end=\"4813\">la mani\u00e8re dont la construction des \u00e9missaires sous-marins est r\u00e9alis\u00e9e<\/a><\/strong>, qui explique les phases maritimes de fabrication, de transport, d'ancrage et de protection de l'\u00e9missaire.\u00a0<\/p><h3 data-start=\"4950\" data-end=\"5006\">6. Avantages du microtunnelage dans les \u00e9missaires sous-marins<\/h3><p data-start=\"5008\" data-end=\"5082\">Par rapport aux m\u00e9thodes conventionnelles, le microtunnelage \u00e0 partir du sol permet de r\u00e9aliser des \u00e9conomies d'\u00e9nergie :<\/p><ul data-start=\"5084\" data-end=\"5626\"><li data-start=\"5084\" data-end=\"5306\"><p data-start=\"5086\" data-end=\"5306\"><strong data-start=\"5086\" data-end=\"5113\">R\u00e9duction de l'impact sur l'environnement<\/strong>, en \u00e9vitant les grands foss\u00e9s et le dragage dans des fonds sensibles ou <strong data-start=\"5173\" data-end=\"5265\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/traversees-de-zones-marines-protegees\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5175\" data-end=\"5263\">zones marines prot\u00e9g\u00e9es<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5307\" data-end=\"5411\"><p data-start=\"5309\" data-end=\"5411\"><strong data-start=\"5309\" data-end=\"5328\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 accrue<\/strong>, r\u00e9duire l'exposition du personnel et des \u00e9quipements aux conditions d\u00e9favorables en mer.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5412\" data-end=\"5526\"><p data-start=\"5414\" data-end=\"5526\"><strong data-start=\"5414\" data-end=\"5445\">Pr\u00e9cision des dimensions et de la mise en page<\/strong>, Le d\u00e9bit est essentiel pour l'hydraulique de l'\u00e9missaire et la dispersion correcte du d\u00e9bit.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"5527\" data-end=\"5626\"><p data-start=\"5529\" data-end=\"5626\"><strong data-start=\"5529\" data-end=\"5555\">R\u00e9duction de l'impact sur le littoral<\/strong>, Le projet permettra de maintenir les plages et les fronts de mer en service pendant les travaux.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"5628\" data-end=\"6099\">Pour voir des exemples concrets d'exutoires et de captages mis en \u0153uvre selon cette philosophie, vous pouvez consulter les projets mis en \u00e9vidence dans la section du site web de la Commission europ\u00e9enne. <strong data-start=\"5773\" data-end=\"5830\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/travaux\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5775\" data-end=\"5828\">\u0153uvres d'Eurohinca<\/a><\/strong> et les cas de <strong data-start=\"5846\" data-end=\"5980\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/fr\/des-captages-et-des-rendements-efficaces-pour-laquaculture\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"5848\" data-end=\"5978\">des captages et des rendements efficaces pour l'aquaculture<\/a><\/strong>, Le rapport pr\u00e9sente des solutions pour les piscicultures et les environnements c\u00f4tiers exigeants.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El dise\u00f1o de un emisario submarino ejecutado desde tierra con microt\u00fanel comienza definiendo la funci\u00f3n del emisario (vertido de agua tratada, salmuera de desaladora, retornos de acuicultura, etc.) y la mejor zona de descarga en el mar. A partir de ah\u00ed se traza un t\u00fanel teledirigido desde un pozo en costa hasta un punto de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":80,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-preguntas-frecuentes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Emisarios submarinos con microt\u00fanel desde tierra<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00f3mo se dise\u00f1a y ejecuta un emisario submarino mediante microt\u00fanel desde tierra: pozos en costa, escudos EPB e hidroescudo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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