{"id":5822,"date":"2026-10-14T10:05:41","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T10:05:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/?p=5822"},"modified":"2026-10-14T10:05:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-14T10:05:43","slug":"how-is-the-breakout-or-underwater-exit-of-a-tunnel-boring-machine-carried-out-at-the-end-of-an-outfall","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/como-se-ejecuta-el-breakout-o-salida-submarina-de-una-tuneladora-al-finalizar-un-emisario\/","title":{"rendered":"How is the breakout\u2014or underwater exit\u2014of a tunnel boring machine carried out at the end of an outfall?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong>underwater breakout<\/strong> The final phase of a tunnel boring machine\u2019s operation at the end of an outfall involves executing the controlled exit of the shield from the ground into the marine environment, while maintaining the stability of the cutting face and preventing sudden water ingress, soil loss, uncontrolled turbidity, or damage to the pipeline. This is a critical phase because the tunnel boring machine transitions from excavating in a confined environment to connecting with the seafloor, where water pressure, waves, currents, sediments, environmental permits, and marine operations all come into play.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In projects of <a href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/submarine-emissaries\/\">submarine emissaries<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/sea-water-catchments\/\">sea water catchments<\/a> o <a href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/crossings-of-marine-protected-areas\/\">crossings of marine protected areas<\/a>, the underwater exit must be planned during the design phase, not addressed at the end of the driving process. The procedure depends on the depth, geotechnical conditions, pressure level, diameter, type of tunnel boring machine, lining above the crown, meteorological and oceanographic conditions, and the method of recovery or final connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why the underwater breakout is a critical phase<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the breakout, the containment of the ground at the face gradually disappears. If the breakout is not properly controlled, it can lead to water inflow, instability, fine-grained material washout, increased turbidity, slurry loss, final deviations, or damage to the seabed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Risk<\/th><th>What Might Happen<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Sudden influx of water<\/td><td>Flooding of the face, shaft, or tunnel if there is no hydraulic control<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Loss of ground<\/td><td>Fine-grained material transport, voids, or local instability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Turbidity<\/td><td>Resuspension of sediments or discharge of sludge into the marine environment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Final deviation<\/td><td>Error in dimension or alignment of the outlet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Damage to the tunnel boring machine<\/td><td>Collisions, blockages, or uncontrolled exits<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Environmental Impact<\/td><td>Failure to comply with permit conditions or marine monitoring requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Incident involving diving\/ROV<\/td><td>Risks related to visibility, currents, pressure, or moving equipment<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this reason, the breakout is treated as a standalone trade, with a specific procedure, trading windows, and exit criteria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Main Phases of Implementation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Preliminary verification of the route and starting point<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before reaching the seabed, the tunnel boring machine\u2019s actual position is verified through guidance control, surveying, bathymetry, exit elevation, and comparison with the project alignment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following are reviewed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Final exit elevation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Remaining coating on the tunnel boring machine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Floor Plan Layout.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Final pending.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Distance to the reception or connection point.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Updated bathymetry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seabed conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interference with breakwaters, anchorages, pipelines, cables, or structures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permissible tolerances for subsequent connection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For outfalls and intake structures, final accuracy is important because it affects diffusers, intake structures, ballast, connections, bottom protection, and subsequent underwater operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Preparing the seabed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to the plan, it may be necessary to prepare the exit area before the breakout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Actions may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Control bathymetry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Removal of obstacles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dredging or localized cleaning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Installation of temporary protection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Marine signage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Work Zone Markings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vessel Positioning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inspection by divers or ROV.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Installation of reception areas, if applicable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Environmental protection against turbidity or sediment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In sensitive areas, the plan must be coordinated with environmental permits, seasonal restrictions, turbidity control, and marine habitat monitoring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Pressure Control and Front Stability<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The advance must be carried out while maintaining pressure appropriate for the ground conditions and the water column. In closed-shield tunnel boring machines, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/closed-shield-hydroshield\/\">hydro shield<\/a> o <a href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/closed-shield-epb\/\">EPB<\/a>, the chamber pressure is monitored to prevent a loss of stability before opening out to the sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following are reviewed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>External hydrostatic pressure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frontal pressure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Water table and connection to the sea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Soil permeability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Risk of siphoning or fine-particle entrainment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Caudales de entrada o salida.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u00e9rdidas de lodos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Volumen excavado frente a volumen previsto.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Turbidez potencial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Respuesta del terreno al reducir recubrimiento.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El objetivo es que la salida se produzca de forma progresiva, sin despresurizaci\u00f3n brusca ni p\u00e9rdida de control del material excavado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Excavaci\u00f3n final y apertura controlada<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La tuneladora avanza los \u00faltimos metros con par\u00e1metros conservadores. Se reduce la velocidad si es necesario y se monitorizan presi\u00f3n, par, empuje, caudales, volumen excavado, lodos y guiado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante esta fase se controla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Avance final por ciclos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cutting pair.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Empuje.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frontal pressure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Caudal de lodos o extracci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excavated volume.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Returns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Turbidez en el punto de salida.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Posici\u00f3n real del escudo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comunicaci\u00f3n con equipo marino.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Condiciones de seguridad para buzos o ROV.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La salida puede ejecutarse contra el terreno natural, contra una zona previamente tratada o hacia una estructura submarina preparada, seg\u00fan el dise\u00f1o del emisario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Coordinaci\u00f3n con buzos, ROV y medios mar\u00edtimos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El breakout submarino requiere coordinaci\u00f3n entre el equipo de tunelaci\u00f3n y el equipo marino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pueden intervenir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Buzos profesionales.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ROV de inspecci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Embarcaciones auxiliares.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Equipos de posicionamiento.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gr\u00faas o medios de izado.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sistemas de comunicaci\u00f3n superficie-fondo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Personal ambiental.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Direcci\u00f3n de obra y HSE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La coordinaci\u00f3n debe definir qui\u00e9n autoriza el avance final, c\u00f3mo se comunica la salida, qu\u00e9 zonas quedan excluidas, cu\u00e1ndo pueden aproximarse buzos o ROV y qu\u00e9 hacer si aparece turbidez, p\u00e9rdida de lodos o movimiento inesperado del terreno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Medidas de control ambiental<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En un breakout submarino, el control ambiental es parte del procedimiento de ejecuci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se pueden aplicar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vigilancia de turbidez.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Control visual con buzos o ROV.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Limitaci\u00f3n de trabajos en ventanas ambientales.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Barreras o medidas de contenci\u00f3n si son viables.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Control de lodos y fluidos de excavaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gesti\u00f3n de sedimentos removidos.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Incident Log.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comunicaci\u00f3n con autoridad ambiental o mar\u00edtima.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protecci\u00f3n de praderas marinas, fondos sensibles o \u00e1reas protegidas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restauraci\u00f3n del fondo si el proyecto lo exige.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At <a href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/crossings-of-marine-protected-areas\/\">crossings of marine protected areas<\/a>, estos controles suelen ser determinantes para permisos, planificaci\u00f3n y aceptaci\u00f3n de obra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u00e9 se comprueba despu\u00e9s de la salida<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una vez completado el breakout, se verifica:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Posici\u00f3n final de la tuneladora o tuber\u00eda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cota y alineaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Condition of the seafloor.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Integridad de la conducci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Watertightness.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ausencia de da\u00f1os visibles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nivel de turbidez o afecci\u00f3n ambiental.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Necesidad de protecci\u00f3n de fondo.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Condiciones para conexi\u00f3n con tramo submarino, difusor o estructura de toma.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Retirada o recuperaci\u00f3n de la tuneladora, si procede.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Documentaci\u00f3n as-built.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si el emisario incluye conexi\u00f3n con difusores, tramo submarino prefabricado, toma o estructura de descarga, la precisi\u00f3n del breakout condiciona la siguiente fase de montaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Riesgos de una salida submarina mal planificada<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una planificaci\u00f3n insuficiente puede provocar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Entrada no controlada de agua.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pressure drop across the orifice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fine-particle drag.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Asentamientos o huecos bajo el fondo marino.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excessive turbidity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u00e9rdida de lodos al mar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Desviaci\u00f3n de la salida.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Da\u00f1o en cabeza de corte o tuber\u00eda.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dificultad para conectar el emisario.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Retrasos por condiciones mar\u00edtimas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Incumplimiento ambiental.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Riesgos para buzos, ROV o embarcaciones.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sobrecostes por correcciones submarinas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ello, el breakout debe integrarse con el dise\u00f1o geot\u00e9cnico, el plan marino, el plan HSE, el control ambiental y el procedimiento de recepci\u00f3n submarina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Information Needed to Review the Project<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para dise\u00f1ar o revisar el breakout submarino de una tuneladora conviene aportar: di\u00e1metro del emisario, longitud de hinca, tipo de tuneladora, profundidad de salida, columna de agua, batimetr\u00eda, geotecnia del fondo marino, cobertura sobre clave, nivel de presi\u00f3n, permeabilidad, presencia de arenas, limos, gravas, roca o bolos, trazado en planta y perfil, tolerancias de salida, m\u00e9todo de guiado, presi\u00f3n de frente, sistema de lodos, punto de conexi\u00f3n, estructura submarina prevista, condiciones de oleaje y corrientes, ventana meteorol\u00f3gica, restricciones ambientales, h\u00e1bitats sensibles, permisos mar\u00edtimos, medios de buceo o ROV, plan de turbidez, procedimiento HSE y plan de contingencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CTA:<\/strong> Request a <a href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/request-offer\/\">revisi\u00f3n t\u00e9cnica del breakout submarino para emisarios y captaciones<\/a> antes de cerrar trazado, tuneladora, permisos ambientales, medios mar\u00edtimos o documentaci\u00f3n de RFQ.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El breakout submarino de una tuneladora al finalizar un emisario consiste en ejecutar la salida controlada del escudo desde el terreno hacia el medio marino, manteniendo la estabilidad del frente, evitando entrada brusca de agua, p\u00e9rdida de terreno, turbidez no controlada o da\u00f1os en la tuber\u00eda. Es una fase cr\u00edtica porque la tuneladora pasa de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":80,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-preguntas-frecuentes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Breakout submarino de tuneladora<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00f3mo ejecutar el breakout submarino de una tuneladora en emisarios: presi\u00f3n, guiado, lodos, buceo, ROV, turbidez y RFQ.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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