{"id":5097,"date":"2026-01-27T08:33:10","date_gmt":"2026-01-27T08:33:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/?p=5097"},"modified":"2026-01-27T08:39:43","modified_gmt":"2026-01-27T08:39:43","slug":"how-to-calculate-the-maximum-admissible-thrust-depending-on-the-pipe-material-and-the-soil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/como-se-calculan-los-empujes-maximos-admisibles-en-funcion-del-material-de-la-tuberia-y-el-terreno\/","title":{"rendered":"How are the maximum allowable thrusts calculated as a function of pipe material and terrain?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5097\" class=\"elementor elementor-5097\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6327ef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d6327ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d3dfe2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d3dfe2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"106\" data-end=\"259\">In a <strong data-start=\"113\" data-end=\"194\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/pipe-jacking-2\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"192\">pipe jacking (microtunneling)<\/a><\/strong>, The \u201cmaximum allowable thrust\u201d is obtained by comparing two things:<\/p><ol data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"472\"><li data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"339\"><p data-start=\"263\" data-end=\"339\">the <strong data-start=\"266\" data-end=\"294\">necessary work thrust<\/strong> (what is \u201crequested\u201d by the terrain and the layout), and<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"340\" data-end=\"472\"><p data-start=\"343\" data-end=\"472\">the <strong data-start=\"346\" data-end=\"363\">limit thrust<\/strong> that can safely withstand the <strong data-start=\"401\" data-end=\"421\">pipe + gaskets<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"426\" data-end=\"447\">pusher system<\/strong> and the <strong data-start=\"453\" data-end=\"471\">attack shaft<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"529\">1) Design thrust (what you need to move forward)<\/h2><p data-start=\"530\" data-end=\"862\">As a rule of thumb, the design thrust is estimated as:<br data-start=\"588\" data-end=\"591\" \/><strong data-start=\"591\" data-end=\"632\">Ed \u2248 F_front + F_friction + losses.<\/strong> (curvature, joints, local friction). This is explained in <strong data-start=\"694\" data-end=\"861\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/how-to-dimension-attack-and-reception-wells\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"696\" data-end=\"859\">How to dimension the attack and reception shafts: admissible thrust, hoisting and logistics<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><ul data-start=\"864\" data-end=\"1416\"><li data-start=\"864\" data-end=\"1022\"><p data-start=\"866\" data-end=\"1022\"><strong data-start=\"866\" data-end=\"879\">F_front:<\/strong> resistance\/\u201cexcavation pressure\u201d at the face \u00d7 excavated area (and, if applicable, hydraulic component due to water table and water pressure).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1309\"><p data-start=\"1025\" data-end=\"1309\"><strong data-start=\"1025\" data-end=\"1040\">F_friction:<\/strong> pipe-ground friction along the driven section. A practical way is:<br data-start=\"1115\" data-end=\"1118\" \/><strong data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1156\">F_friction \u2248 \u03c4 \u00d7 (\u03c0 \u00d7 D_ext \u00d7 L)<\/strong><br data-start=\"1156\" data-end=\"1159\" \/>where <strong data-start=\"1167\" data-end=\"1172\">\u03c4<\/strong> is the unit perimeter friction (very sensitive to terrain and lubrication), <strong data-start=\"1248\" data-end=\"1257\">D_ext<\/strong> the outer diameter and <strong data-start=\"1281\" data-end=\"1286\">L<\/strong> the driven length.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1416\"><p data-start=\"1312\" data-end=\"1416\"><strong data-start=\"1312\" data-end=\"1325\">Losses:<\/strong> increase with <strong data-start=\"1339\" data-end=\"1352\">curvature<\/strong>, The following are the most common types of wear, deviations, seals, starts\/stops and local friction.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1418\" data-end=\"1970\"><strong data-start=\"1418\" data-end=\"1437\">Practical key:<\/strong> friction is usually the dominant term, and it is reduced with <strong data-start=\"1498\" data-end=\"1535\">lubrication (bentonite\/polymers)<\/strong>, see <strong data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1695\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/which-tools-and-machines-are-key-in-pipe-ramming\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1543\" data-end=\"1693\">What tools and machines are key in pipe driving<\/a><\/strong>, and with a strategy of geometry control and operation (otherwise, the risk of blockage increases), see <strong data-start=\"1794\" data-end=\"1969\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/what-geotechnical-risks-are-most-common-in-microtunneling-and-how-to-mitigate-them-on-site\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1796\" data-end=\"1967\">Geotechnical risks in microtunnelling and their mitigation.<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"1972\" data-end=\"2028\">2) Maximum allowable thrust (what you must NOT exceed)<\/h2><p data-start=\"2029\" data-end=\"2100\">The maximum admissible thrust is taken as the <strong data-start=\"2072\" data-end=\"2082\">minimum<\/strong> of these limits:<\/p><ul data-start=\"2102\" data-end=\"3636\"><li data-start=\"2102\" data-end=\"2680\"><p data-start=\"2104\" data-end=\"2680\"><strong data-start=\"2104\" data-end=\"2169\">Structural limit of the pipe and, above all, of its joints.<\/strong> (usually the most \u201cdelicate\u201d criterion).<br data-start=\"2213\" data-end=\"2216\" \/>Axial compression and crushing\/joint damage are verified with a type approach: <strong data-start=\"2305\" data-end=\"2332\">N_adm, tube \u2248 \u03c3_adm \u00d7 A<\/strong> (allowable material stress \u00d7 resistant area), applying joint coefficients and verifications according to the piping system.<br data-start=\"2462\" data-end=\"2465\" \/>As a reminder of typologies, the following are frequently used in ramming <strong data-start=\"2532\" data-end=\"2605\">reinforced concrete, steel, polycrete\/polyester resin and ceramic\/gres<\/strong>, see <strong data-start=\"2611\" data-end=\"2679\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/pipe-jacking-2\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2677\">Pipe jacking<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2682\" data-end=\"3157\"><p data-start=\"2684\" data-end=\"3157\"><strong data-start=\"2684\" data-end=\"2776\">Capacity of the thrust system (cylinders, frame) and possible intermediate stations.<\/strong><br data-start=\"2776\" data-end=\"2779\" \/>In long stretches, the <strong data-start=\"2803\" data-end=\"2829\">intermediate stations<\/strong> allow stress distribution and maintain the thrust below the pipe\/gasket limit, as mentioned in <strong data-start=\"2941\" data-end=\"3009\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/pipe-jacking-2\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"3007\">Pipe jacking<\/a><\/strong> and in <strong data-start=\"3015\" data-end=\"3156\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/what-geotechnical-risks-are-most-common-in-microtunneling-and-how-to-mitigate-them-on-site\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3017\" data-end=\"3154\">Geotechnical risks...<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3159\" data-end=\"3636\"><p data-start=\"3161\" data-end=\"3636\"><strong data-start=\"3161\" data-end=\"3252\">Capacity of the attack shaft and its reaction wall (structure that \u201ccloses\u201d the thrust).<\/strong><br data-start=\"3252\" data-end=\"3255\" \/>This is designed\/validated in <strong data-start=\"3282\" data-end=\"3412\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/how-to-dimension-attack-and-reception-wells\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3284\" data-end=\"3410\">How to size attack and reception wells<\/a><\/strong> and in <strong data-start=\"3418\" data-end=\"3635\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/what-are-the-civil-works-and-manholes-requirements-for-a-pipeline-jacking-project\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3420\" data-end=\"3633\">What are the requirements for civil works and manholes for a pile-driving project?<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"3638\" data-end=\"3691\">3) How the terrain \u201centers\u201d in the allowable thrust.<\/h2><p data-start=\"3692\" data-end=\"3819\">Soil does not change the strength of the pipe material, but <strong data-start=\"3761\" data-end=\"3794\">does change the thrust required<\/strong> (Ed) mainly by:<\/p><ul data-start=\"3820\" data-end=\"4175\"><li data-start=\"3820\" data-end=\"3963\"><p data-start=\"3822\" data-end=\"3963\"><strong data-start=\"3822\" data-end=\"3836\">Friction \u03c4<\/strong> (increases in abrasive, heterogeneous soils, with poor lubrication or demanding geometries; decreases with good lubrication).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"3964\" data-end=\"4065\"><p data-start=\"3966\" data-end=\"4065\"><strong data-start=\"3966\" data-end=\"4002\">Water table and water pressure<\/strong> (F_front rises and complicates stability if not controlled).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4066\" data-end=\"4175\"><p data-start=\"4068\" data-end=\"4175\"><strong data-start=\"4068\" data-end=\"4096\">Curvature and deviations<\/strong> (they generate additional lateral loads and can penalize seals and friction).<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"4177\" data-end=\"4223\">4) Outcome: how to decide feasibility<\/h2><p data-start=\"4224\" data-end=\"4613\">The safety condition is: <strong data-start=\"4254\" data-end=\"4268\">Ed \u2264 E_adm<\/strong>, being <strong data-start=\"4277\" data-end=\"4286\">E_adm<\/strong> the minimum of the limits (pipe\/gasket, equipment, well).<br data-start=\"4339\" data-end=\"4342\" \/>If not met, typical levers are: reduce inter-well length, improve lubrication, adjust geometry\/tolerances, rethink method\/equipment (see <strong data-start=\"4497\" data-end=\"4575\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/choice-of-tunnel-boring-machine\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4499\" data-end=\"4573\">Choice of tunnel boring machine<\/a><\/strong>) or incorporate intermediate stations.<\/p><p data-start=\"4615\" data-end=\"4831\">If you need us to leave it \u201cclosed\u201d for sheet or RFQ (values, hypothesis and margin), the most direct way is to do it from <strong data-start=\"4734\" data-end=\"4830\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/technical-assistance-and-engineering\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4736\" data-end=\"4828\">Technical assistance and engineering<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En una hinca de tuber\u00eda (microt\u00fanel), el \u201cempuje m\u00e1ximo admisible\u201d se obtiene comparando dos cosas: el empuje necesario de obra (lo que \u201cpide\u201d el terreno y el trazado), y el empuje l\u00edmite que pueden soportar con seguridad la tuber\u00eda + juntas, el sistema de empuje y el pozo de ataque. 1) Empuje de dise\u00f1o (lo [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":80,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5097","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-preguntas-frecuentes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>C\u00e1lculo de empujes en hinca de tuber\u00eda | Eurohinca<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"C\u00f3mo estimar el empuje m\u00e1ximo admisible seg\u00fan 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