{"id":4720,"date":"2025-11-04T10:06:53","date_gmt":"2025-11-04T10:06:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/?p=4720"},"modified":"2026-05-13T10:41:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-13T10:41:48","slug":"what-chamber-pressure-and-conditioning-to-use-in-saturated-and-mixed-soils","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/que-presion-de-camara-y-acondicionamiento-usar-en-suelos-saturados-y-mixtos\/","title":{"rendered":"What chamber pressure and conditioning (EPB\/hydro-shield) to use in saturated and mixed soils?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4720\" class=\"elementor elementor-4720\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6327ef e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d6327ef\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d3dfe2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d3dfe2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"101\" data-end=\"707\">At <strong data-start=\"120\" data-end=\"201\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/pipe-jacking-2\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"122\" data-end=\"199\">pipe jacking (microtunneling)<\/a><\/strong>the <strong data-start=\"206\" data-end=\"227\">chamber pressure<\/strong> must balance the <strong data-start=\"247\" data-end=\"278\">effective earth pressure<\/strong> plus the <strong data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"306\">pore pressure<\/strong> to the front elevation; it is then adjusted on-site with the <strong data-start=\"360\" data-end=\"382\">land balance<\/strong>, the <strong data-start=\"388\" data-end=\"406\">thrust\/torque<\/strong> and the <strong data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"428\">auscultation<\/strong>. The choice between <strong data-start=\"448\" data-end=\"455\">EPB<\/strong> y <strong data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"480\">hydro-shield\/Slurry<\/strong> is given by <strong data-start=\"496\" data-end=\"513\">permeability<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"515\" data-end=\"532\">granulometry<\/strong> y <strong data-start=\"535\" data-end=\"553\">water table<\/strong>; The conditioning (foams, bentonite, polymers) is calibrated to ensure that <strong data-start=\"633\" data-end=\"652\">stable support<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"654\" data-end=\"675\">transportability<\/strong> y <strong data-start=\"678\" data-end=\"706\">settlement control<\/strong>.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"714\" data-end=\"764\">1) Starting point for chamber pressure<\/h2><ul data-start=\"765\" data-end=\"1508\"><li data-start=\"765\" data-end=\"1378\"><p data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"1378\"><strong data-start=\"767\" data-end=\"786\">Initial model:<\/strong> <span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">pca\u02camara\u2248\u03c3v,front\u2032+uwp_text{camera} \\approx \\sigma\u2019_{v,text{front}} + u_w<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">p<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord text mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">c<\/span><span class=\"mord accent mtight\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">a<\/span><span class=\"accent-body\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">\u02ca<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mord mtight\">mara<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2248<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c3<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">v<\/span><span class=\"mpunct mtight\">,<\/span><span class=\"mord text mtight\">front<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">\u2032<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">w<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, with corrections for <strong data-start=\"869\" data-end=\"882\">coverage<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"884\" data-end=\"899\">overloads<\/strong> y <strong data-start=\"902\" data-end=\"913\">overcut<\/strong>; The operating level is around this value with fine margins (i.e. <strong data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1008\">\u00b10.05-0.20 bar<\/strong>), depending on the response of the terrain and the sensitivity of the environment. To contrast calculation criteria and operational limits, you can rely on the <strong data-start=\"1162\" data-end=\"1186\">DAUB Recommendations<\/strong> pressure front in soft soils and in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.daub-ita.de\/fileadmin\/documents\/daub\/gtcrec1\/2016-10_DAUB_Recommendations_for_Face_Support_Pressure_Calculations_for_Shield_Tunnelling_in_Soft_Ground.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong data-start=\"1234\" data-end=\"1284\">BTS\/ICE Specification for Tunnelling (3rd ed.)<\/strong><\/a>, which include good operating and control practices.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1508\"><p data-start=\"1381\" data-end=\"1508\"><strong data-start=\"1381\" data-end=\"1405\">Field validation:<\/strong> search <strong data-start=\"1413\" data-end=\"1428\">balance \u2248 1<\/strong>, stable pressures and agreement with <strong data-start=\"1468\" data-end=\"1507\">piezometers\/ascimeters\/topography<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"1515\" data-end=\"1560\">2) EPB or hydro-shield (quick decision).<\/h2><ul data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"2064\"><li data-start=\"1561\" data-end=\"1706\"><p data-start=\"1563\" data-end=\"1706\"><strong data-start=\"1563\" data-end=\"1570\">EPB<\/strong> \u2192 silts\/clays and <strong data-start=\"1590\" data-end=\"1613\">fine-medium sands<\/strong> (low-medium permeability). Stabilizes the front with the <strong data-start=\"1670\" data-end=\"1703\">own conditioned detritus<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1707\" data-end=\"2064\"><p data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"2064\"><strong data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"1731\">Hydroshield\/Slurry<\/strong> \u2192 <strong data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1761\">clean sands and gravels<\/strong> (high k) and <strong data-start=\"1773\" data-end=\"1787\">High NF<\/strong>; maintains the support with <strong data-start=\"1813\" data-end=\"1839\">pressurized suspension<\/strong> and formation of <strong data-start=\"1855\" data-end=\"1870\">filter cake<\/strong>. A clear public guideline on ground control in EPB is the document of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cedd.gov.hk\/filemanager\/eng\/content_526\/er298links.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com\"><strong data-start=\"1948\" data-end=\"1980\">Hong Kong Government (CEDD)<\/strong><\/a>, useful for calculation and operation audits.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"2071\" data-end=\"2129\">3) Conditioning and signs of good performance.<\/h2><p data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2170\"><strong data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2168\">EPB (plastic front and pumpable)<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"2171\" data-end=\"2521\"><li data-start=\"2171\" data-end=\"2277\"><p data-start=\"2173\" data-end=\"2277\"><strong data-start=\"2173\" data-end=\"2186\">Additives:<\/strong> foams (FIR\/FER) + polymers\/bentonite to lower torque, <strong data-start=\"2243\" data-end=\"2253\">seal<\/strong> and give <strong data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2274\">thixotropy<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2278\" data-end=\"2384\"><p data-start=\"2280\" data-end=\"2384\"><strong data-start=\"2280\" data-end=\"2299\">Indicators OK:<\/strong> stable pressure, <strong data-start=\"2317\" data-end=\"2345\">pushes\/torque without peaks<\/strong>, homogeneous return, <strong data-start=\"2366\" data-end=\"2381\">balance \u2248 1<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2385\" data-end=\"2521\"><p data-start=\"2387\" data-end=\"2521\"><strong data-start=\"2387\" data-end=\"2407\">Typical settings:<\/strong> dry material\/trees \u2192 up <strong data-start=\"2436\" data-end=\"2452\">dosage<\/strong>; pressure losses \u2192 improve <strong data-start=\"2484\" data-end=\"2495\">sealing<\/strong> y <strong data-start=\"2498\" data-end=\"2509\">lubrication<\/strong> perimeter.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"2523\" data-end=\"2587\"><strong data-start=\"2523\" data-end=\"2585\">Hydroshield\/Slurry (stable cake and pressure transmission)<\/strong><\/p><ul data-start=\"2588\" data-end=\"3019\"><li data-start=\"2588\" data-end=\"2726\"><p data-start=\"2590\" data-end=\"2726\"><strong data-start=\"2590\" data-end=\"2605\">Suspension:<\/strong> bentonite (\u00b1 polymers) with <strong data-start=\"2634\" data-end=\"2646\">density<\/strong> y <strong data-start=\"2649\" data-end=\"2663\">viscosity<\/strong> objective; control of <strong data-start=\"2685\" data-end=\"2694\">level<\/strong> y <strong data-start=\"2697\" data-end=\"2723\">leakage loss<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2727\" data-end=\"2863\"><p data-start=\"2729\" data-end=\"2863\"><strong data-start=\"2729\" data-end=\"2748\">Indicators OK:<\/strong> stable pressure transmission, <strong data-start=\"2781\" data-end=\"2815\">consistent flow rates<\/strong>, low seepage and controlled settlements.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"2864\" data-end=\"3019\"><p data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"3019\"><strong data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"2886\">Typical settings:<\/strong> losses \u2192 <strong data-start=\"2898\" data-end=\"2924\">increase pressure\/density<\/strong> and optimize <strong data-start=\"2937\" data-end=\"2945\">cake<\/strong>; unstable return \u2192 check <strong data-start=\"2975\" data-end=\"2987\">circuit<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"2989\" data-end=\"3003\">desanding<\/strong> y <strong data-start=\"3006\" data-end=\"3018\">rheology<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h2 data-start=\"3026\" data-end=\"3077\">4) Quick table for saturated and mixed soils<\/h2><div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\"><div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\" tabindex=\"-1\"><table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"3079\" data-end=\"3854\"><thead data-start=\"3079\" data-end=\"3182\"><tr data-start=\"3079\" data-end=\"3182\"><th data-start=\"3079\" data-end=\"3101\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Dominant condition<\/th><th data-start=\"3101\" data-end=\"3121\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Preferred method<\/th><th data-start=\"3121\" data-end=\"3151\" data-col-size=\"md\">Chamber pressure keys<\/th><th data-start=\"3151\" data-end=\"3182\" data-col-size=\"md\">Main conditioning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody data-start=\"3201\" data-end=\"3854\"><tr data-start=\"3201\" data-end=\"3360\"><td data-start=\"3201\" data-end=\"3245\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3203\" data-end=\"3244\">Saturated fine sands (low-medium k)<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"3245\" data-end=\"3255\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3247\" data-end=\"3254\">EPB<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"3255\" data-end=\"3315\" data-col-size=\"md\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">p\u2248\u03c3\u2032+uwp \u2019p\u2248\u03c3\u2032+uwp \\approx \\sigma' + u_w<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">p<\/span><span class=\"mrel\">\u2248<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c3<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">\u2032<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">w<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>; stability by compaction<\/td><td data-start=\"3315\" data-end=\"3360\" data-col-size=\"md\">Foams + polymers (sealing\/plasticity)<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"3361\" data-end=\"3530\"><td data-start=\"3361\" data-end=\"3400\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3363\" data-end=\"3399\">Clean sands \/ gravels (high k)<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"3400\" data-end=\"3418\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3402\" data-end=\"3417\">Hydroshield<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"3418\" data-end=\"3467\" data-col-size=\"md\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">p\u2273\u03c3\u2032+uwp \\gtrsim \\sigma\u2019 + u_w<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">p<\/span><span class=\"mrel amsrm\">\u2273<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">\u03c3<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mtight\">\u2032<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mbin\">+<\/span><\/span><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">u<\/span><span class=\"msupsub\"><span class=\"vlist-t vlist-t2\"><span class=\"vlist-r\"><span class=\"vlist\"><span class=\"sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal mtight\">w<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"vlist-s\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> to avoid inflow<\/td><td data-start=\"3467\" data-end=\"3530\" data-col-size=\"md\">Bentonite + density\/viscosity control; <strong data-start=\"3513\" data-end=\"3528\">filter cake<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"3531\" data-end=\"3699\"><td data-start=\"3531\" data-end=\"3571\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3533\" data-end=\"3570\">Mixed soils (alternating strata)<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"3571\" data-end=\"3600\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3573\" data-end=\"3586\">EPB mixed<\/strong> o <strong data-start=\"3589\" data-end=\"3599\">Slurry<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"3600\" data-end=\"3651\" data-col-size=\"md\"><span class=\"katex\"><span class=\"katex-mathml\">pp<\/span><span class=\"katex-html\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span class=\"base\"><span class=\"mord mathnormal\">p<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> variable by stratum; monitor transitions<\/td><td data-start=\"3651\" data-end=\"3699\" data-col-size=\"md\">Dynamic foam\/mud adjustment; mixed modes<\/td><\/tr><tr data-start=\"3700\" data-end=\"3854\"><td data-start=\"3700\" data-end=\"3737\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3702\" data-end=\"3736\">NF very high \/ sensitive environment<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"3737\" data-end=\"3755\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3739\" data-end=\"3754\">Hydroshield<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"3755\" data-end=\"3801\" data-col-size=\"md\">Fine control of <strong data-start=\"3773\" data-end=\"3800\">pressure level\/tank<\/strong><\/td><td data-start=\"3801\" data-end=\"3854\" data-col-size=\"md\">Very controlled density and seepage loss<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/div><p data-start=\"3856\" data-end=\"3886\"><em data-start=\"3856\" data-end=\"3886\">(k: soil permeability)<\/em><\/p><h2 data-start=\"3893\" data-end=\"3947\">5) Good practices for not inducing settlements<\/h2><ol data-start=\"3948\" data-end=\"4335\"><li data-start=\"3948\" data-end=\"4045\"><p data-start=\"3951\" data-end=\"4045\"><strong data-start=\"3951\" data-end=\"3975\">Set-points and thresholds<\/strong> (\u00b1\u0394p) defined before start-up; smooth ramps when varying pressure.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4046\" data-end=\"4114\"><p data-start=\"4049\" data-end=\"4114\"><strong data-start=\"4049\" data-end=\"4082\">Auscultating and closing the balance sheet<\/strong> (excavated volume \u2194 return).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4115\" data-end=\"4191\"><p data-start=\"4118\" data-end=\"4191\"><strong data-start=\"4118\" data-end=\"4140\">Rheology management<\/strong> (foams\/sludge) and <strong data-start=\"4159\" data-end=\"4170\">lubrication<\/strong> according to the stratum.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4192\" data-end=\"4335\"><p data-start=\"4195\" data-end=\"4335\"><strong data-start=\"4195\" data-end=\"4212\">Contingencies<\/strong>: pressure loss \u2192 stop, seal, inject, resume; overpressure \u2192 controlled relief and deformation check.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><h2 data-start=\"4342\" data-end=\"4388\">6) What to send for us to fine-tune your set-up<\/h2><ul data-start=\"4389\" data-end=\"4598\"><li data-start=\"4389\" data-end=\"4471\"><p data-start=\"4391\" data-end=\"4471\"><strong data-start=\"4391\" data-end=\"4408\">Stratigraphy<\/strong> with <strong data-start=\"4413\" data-end=\"4418\">k<\/strong> y <strong data-start=\"4421\" data-end=\"4427\">NF<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"4429\" data-end=\"4442\">DN\/L\/Rmin<\/strong>, and overloads.<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4472\" data-end=\"4541\"><p data-start=\"4474\" data-end=\"4541\">Environmental restrictions (window, turbidity\/discharge limits).<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"4542\" data-end=\"4598\"><p data-start=\"4544\" data-end=\"4598\">Sensitive environment (infrastructure, services, coastline).<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"4600\" data-end=\"4958\">If you are interested in a <strong data-start=\"4618\" data-end=\"4647\">initial operation plan<\/strong> with pressure curve and additive dosing, our equipment for the <strong data-start=\"4715\" data-end=\"4811\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/technical-assistance-and-engineering\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4717\" data-end=\"4809\">Technical assistance and engineering<\/a><\/strong> can prepare it from your surveys and plotting; to start the valuation, <strong data-start=\"4892\" data-end=\"4957\"><a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/eurohinca.com\/en\/request-offer\/\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"4894\" data-end=\"4955\">request offer<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En hinca de tuber\u00eda (microt\u00fanel), la presi\u00f3n de c\u00e1mara debe equilibrar la presi\u00f3n de tierras efectiva m\u00e1s la presi\u00f3n de poros a la cota del frente; luego se ajusta en obra con el balance de tierras, los empujes\/torque y la auscultaci\u00f3n. La elecci\u00f3n entre EPB y hidroescudo\/Slurry viene dada por permeabilidad, granulometr\u00eda y nivel fre\u00e1tico; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":80,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[146],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-preguntas-frecuentes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Presi\u00f3n de c\u00e1mara y EPB\/Slurry en suelos saturados<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Presi\u00f3n de c\u00e1mara en suelos saturados y mixtos: criterios t\u00e9cnicos, riesgos geot\u00e9cnicos, acondicionamiento y control durante la excavaci\u00f3n.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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